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- MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLCCCCAAAAPPPP((((4444)))) BBBBeeeellllllllccccoooorrrreeee PPPPrrrroooottttoooottttyyyyppppeeee ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 2222)))) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLCCCCAAAAPPPP((((4444))))
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- mailcap - metamail capabilities file
-
- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- The _m_a_i_l_c_a_p file is read by the _m_e_t_a_m_a_i_l program to
- determine how to display non-text at the local site.
-
- The syntax of a mailcap file is quite simple, at least
- compared to termcap files. Any line that starts with "#" is
- a comment. Blank lines are ignored. Otherwise, each line
- defines a single mailcap entry for a single content type.
- Long lines may be continued by ending them with a backslash
- character, \.
-
- Each individual mailcap entry consists of a content-type
- specification, a command to execute, and (possibly) a set of
- optional "flag" values. For example, a very simple mailcap
- entry (which is actually a built-in default behavior for
- metamail) would look like this:
-
- text/plain; cat %s
-
- The optional flags can be used to specify additional
- information about the mail-handling command. For example:
-
- text/plain; cat %s; copiousoutput
-
- can be used to indicate that the output of the 'cat' command
- may be voluminous, requiring either a scrolling window, a
- pager, or some other appropriate coping mechanism.
-
- The "type" field (text/plain, in the above example) is
- simply any legal content type name, as defined by RFC 822.
- In practice, this is almost any string. It is the string
- that will be matched against the "Content-type" header (or
- the value passed in with -c) to decide if this is the
- mailcap entry that matches the current message.
- Additionally, the type field may specify a subtype (e.g.
- "text/ISO-8859-1") or a wildcard to match all subtypes (e.g.
- "image/*").
-
- The "command" field is any UNIX command ("cat %s" in the
- above example), and is used to specify the interpreter for
- the given type of message. It will be passed to the shell
- via the system(3) facility. Semicolons and backslashes
- within the command must be quoted with backslashes. If the
- command contains "%s", those two characters will be replaced
- by the name of a file that contains the body of the message.
- If it contains "%t', those two characters will be replaced
- by the content-type field, including the subtype, if any.
- (That is, if the content-type was "image/pbm;
- opt1=something-else", then "%t" would be replaced by
-
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- Page 1 (printed 6/30/95)
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- "image/pbm".) If the command field contains "%{" followed
- by a parameter name and a closing "}", then all those
- characters will be replaced by the value of the named
- parameter, if any, from the Content-type header. Thus, in
- the previous example, "%{opt1}" will be replaced by
- "something-else". Finally, if the command contains "",
- those two characters will be replaced by a single % ch
-
-
-
- aracter. (In fact, the backslash can be used to quote any
- character, including itself.)
-
- If no "%s" appears in the command field, then instead of
- placing the message body in a temporary file, metamail will
- pass the body to the command on the standard input. This is
- helpful in saving /tmp file space, but can be problematic
- for window-oriented applications under some window systems
- such as MGR.
-
- Two special codes can appear in the viewing command for
- objects of type multipart (any subtype). These are "%n" and
- "%F". %n will be replaced by the number of parts within the
- multipart object. %F will be replaced by a series of
- arguments, two for each part, giving first the content-type
- and then the name of the temporary file where the decoded
- part has been stored. In addition, for each file created by
- %F, a second file is created, with the same name followed by
- "H", which contains the header information for that body
- part. This will not be needed by most multipart handlers,
- but it is there if you ever need it.
-
- The "notes=xxx" field is an uninterpreted string that is
- used to specify the name of the person who installed this
- entry in the mailcap file. (The "xxx" may be replaced by
- any text string.)
-
- The "test=xxx" field is a command that is executed to
- determine whether or not the mailcap line actually applies.
- That is, if the content-type field matches the content-type
- on the message, but a "test=" field is present, then the
- test must succeed before the mailcap line is considered to
- "match" the message being viewed. The command may be any
- UNIX command, using the same syntax and the same %-escapes
- as for the viewing command, as described above. A command
- is considered to succeed if it exits with a zero exit
- status, and to fail otherwise.
-
- The "textualnewlines" field can be used in the rather
- obscure case where metamail's default rules for treating
- newlines in base64-encoded data are unsatisfactory. By
- default, metamail will translate CRLF to the local newline
-
-
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- Page 2 (printed 6/30/95)
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-
-
-
- character in decoded base64 output if the content-type is
- "text" (any subtype), but will not do so otherwise. A
- mailcap entry with a field of "textualnewlines=1" will force
- such translation for the specified content-type, while
- "textualnewlines=0" will guarantee that the translation does
- not take place even for textual content-types.
-
-
- nnnneeeeeeeeddddsssstttteeeerrrrmmmmiiiinnnnaaaallll
- If this flag is given, the named interpreter needs
- to interact with the user on a terminal. In some
- environments (e.g. a window-oriented mail reader
- under X11) this will require the creation of a new
- terminal emulation window, while in most
- environments it will not. If the mailcap entry
- specifies "needsterminal" and metamail is not
- running on a terminal (as determined by isatty(3),
- the -x option, and the MM_NOTTTY environment
- variable) then metamail will try to run the command
- in a new terminal emulation window. Currently,
- metamail knows how to create new windows under the
- X11, SunTools, and WM window systems.
-
- ccccooooppppiiiioooouuuussssoooouuuuttttppppuuuutttt
- This flag should be given whenever the interpreter
- is capable of producing more than a few lines of
- output on stdout, and does no interaction with the
- user. If the mailcap entry specifies copiousoutput,
- and pagination has been requested via the "-p"
- command, then the output of the command being
- executed will be piped through a pagination program
- ("more" by default, but this can be overridden with
- the METAMAIL_PAGER environment variable).
-
- BBBBUUUUIIIILLLLTTTT----IIIINNNN CCCCOOOONNNNTTTTEEEENNNNTTTT----TTTTYYYYPPPPEEEE SSSSUUUUPPPPPPPPOOOORRRRTTTT
- The metamail program has built-in support for a few key
- content-types. In particular, it supports the text type,
- the multipart and multipart/alternative type, and the
- message/rfc822 types. This support is incomplete for many
- subtypes -- for example, it only supports US-ASCII text in
- general. This kind of built-in support can be OVERRIDDEN by
- an entry in any mailcap file on the user's search path.
- Metamail also has rudimentary built-in support for types
- that are totally unrecognized -- i.e. for which no mailcap
- entry or built-in handler exists. For such unrecognized
- types, metamail will write a file with a "clean" copy of the
- data -- i.e. a copy in which all mail headers have been
- removed, and in which any 7-bit transport encoding has been
- decoded.
-
- FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
- $HOME/.mailcap:/usr/local/lib/mailcap:/usr/local/contrib/lib/metamail/mailcap
-
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- Page 3 (printed 6/30/95)
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- MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLCCCCAAAAPPPP((((4444)))) BBBBeeeellllllllccccoooorrrreeee PPPPrrrroooottttoooottttyyyyppppeeee ((((RRRReeeelllleeeeaaaasssseeee 2222)))) MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLCCCCAAAAPPPP((((4444))))
-
-
-
- -- default path for mailcap files.
-
- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- metamail(1)
-
- CCCCOOOOPPPPYYYYRRRRIIIIGGGGHHHHTTTT
- Copyright (c) 1991 Bell Communications Research, Inc.
- (Bellcore)
-
- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
- material for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
- provided that the above copyright notice and this permission
- notice appear in all copies, and that the name of Bellcore
- not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to this
- material without the specific, prior written permission of
- an authorized representative of Bellcore. BELLCORE MAKES NO
- REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT THE ACCURACY OR SUITABILITY OF THIS
- MATERIAL FOR ANY PURPOSE. IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT
- ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES.
-
- AAAAUUUUTTTTHHHHOOOORRRR
- Nathaniel S. Borenstein
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- Page 4 (printed 6/30/95)
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